Low Yields from Limited Inputs & Support
Most smallholders lack access to improved seeds, fertilizer, mechanization, and timely agronomic advice—leading to yields far below regional benchmarks.
Limited Access to Credit
Without collateral or farm records, farmers are excluded from formal financing and unable to invest in productivity-enhancing inputs.
Market Exclusion
Limited traceability, price transparency, and buyer access force farmers to sell at a loss and miss out on premium markets.
Infrastructure Deficits
Poor roads, lack of irrigation, and inadequate storage drive post-harvest losses and hinder scale.